What is Fentanyl and How is it Used?
Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is primarily used for pain management. It is similar to other opioids such as morphine and heroin, but it is much more potent. Fentanyl can be administered in various forms, including patches, lozenges, and injections. The patches are typically used for chronic pain management, while the lozenges are used for breakthrough pain in cancer patients. In medical settings, fentanyl is often used during surgical procedures or for patients who require strong pain relief.
However, fentanyl has also become widely available on the illicit drug market. It is often mixed with other drugs such as heroin or cocaine to increase their potency. This illicit use of fentanyl has contributed to a sharp increase in overdose deaths.
The Rise of Fentanyl-Related Deaths: Statistics and Trends
The rise of fentanyl-related deaths in the United States and Canada has been alarming. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were over 36,000 opioid-related deaths in the United States in 2019, with fentanyl being involved in more than half of these deaths. In Canada, fentanyl-related deaths have also been on the rise, with over 4,000 deaths reported in 2018.
The trend of fentanyl use and overdose deaths has been increasing rapidly over the past decade. In the United States, fentanyl-related deaths have more than doubled every year since 2013. This increase can be attributed to the fact that fentanyl is much more potent than other opioids, making it more likely to cause overdose. Additionally, the illicit production and distribution of fentanyl have made it more accessible and affordable on the street.
How Fentanyl is Different from Other Opioids: Potency and Risks
One of the key differences between fentanyl and other opioids is its potency. Fentanyl is estimated to be 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine and 30 to 50 times more potent than heroin. This means that even a small amount of fentanyl can have a powerful effect on the body, increasing the risk of overdose.
The potency of fentanyl also poses unique risks. One of the most significant risks is respiratory depression, which can lead to respiratory arrest and death. Fentanyl suppresses the central nervous system, slowing down breathing and heart rate. This can be especially dangerous for individuals who are not accustomed to using opioids or who have underlying respiratory conditions.
The Dangers of Fentanyl Overdose: Symptoms and Signs
Fentanyl overdose can have serious and potentially fatal consequences. The symptoms of a fentanyl overdose include slow or shallow breathing, blue lips or nails, pinpoint pupils, dizziness, confusion, and extreme drowsiness. If left untreated, a fentanyl overdose can lead to coma, brain damage, or death.
Recognizing the signs of a fentanyl overdose is crucial in order to seek immediate medical attention. Some of the signs include unresponsiveness, loss of consciousness, and inability to wake up. If you suspect someone may be experiencing a fentanyl overdose, it is important to call emergency services right away.
Who is Most at Risk of Fentanyl Overdose and Why?
Certain populations are at higher risk of fentanyl overdose due to various factors. Drug users who are seeking a more potent high may be more likely to use fentanyl, either knowingly or unknowingly. Chronic pain patients who have developed a tolerance to other opioids may also be at higher risk of fentanyl overdose if they switch to using fentanyl without proper medical supervision.
Mixing fentanyl with other drugs, such as benzodiazepines or alcohol, can also increase the risk of overdose. These substances can enhance the depressant effects of fentanyl, leading to respiratory depression and overdose.
How Fentanyl is Contributing to the Opioid Epidemic
Fentanyl has played a significant role in the opioid epidemic, contributing to the high rates of addiction and overdose deaths. One of the key ways in which fentanyl is contributing to the epidemic is through its connection to prescription drug abuse. Many individuals who become addicted to opioids start with a legitimate prescription for pain management and then transition to using illicit opioids such as fentanyl.
Fentanyl is also closely linked to heroin use. As prescription opioids become more difficult to obtain, individuals may turn to heroin as a cheaper and more accessible alternative. However, many batches of heroin are now being laced with fentanyl, increasing the risk of overdose.
Fentanyl in Street Drugs: How it’s Being Mixed and Distributed
Fentanyl is being mixed with other drugs, such as heroin and cocaine, in order to increase their potency. This practice is often done without the knowledge or consent of the individuals using these drugs, putting them at a higher risk of overdose. The mixing of fentanyl with other drugs has become so prevalent that it has been referred to as the “fentanyl crisis” within the larger opioid epidemic.
Fentanyl is being distributed through various channels, including online sales and drug trafficking. Online marketplaces on the dark web have made it easier for individuals to purchase illicit drugs, including fentanyl. Drug trafficking organizations are also playing a significant role in the distribution of fentanyl, often smuggling large quantities across borders.
Fentanyl and Prescription Drug Abuse: What You Need to Know
Fentanyl is closely connected to prescription drug abuse, as it is often obtained through illicit means or used without a prescription. It is important to understand the risks of using fentanyl without proper medical supervision. Using fentanyl without a prescription can increase the risk of overdose, especially if the individual is not accustomed to using opioids or has underlying health conditions.
It is also important to be aware of the signs of prescription drug abuse, as this can indicate a potential problem with fentanyl or other opioids. Signs of prescription drug abuse include taking higher doses than prescribed, seeking multiple prescriptions from different doctors, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop using the drug.
Fentanyl Addiction: Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Fentanyl addiction can have serious consequences for individuals and their loved ones. Some of the signs and symptoms of fentanyl addiction include cravings for the drug, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, neglecting responsibilities, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when attempting to stop using the drug.
Treatment options for fentanyl addiction include detoxification, rehabilitation programs, and medication-assisted treatment. Detoxification involves safely removing the drug from the body under medical supervision. Rehabilitation programs provide individuals with the tools and support they need to overcome addiction and develop healthier coping mechanisms. Medication-assisted treatment involves the use of medications such as methadone or buprenorphine to help manage withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Staying Safe from Fentanyl: Tips for Avoiding Overdose and Addiction
There are several steps individuals can take to stay safe from fentanyl and avoid overdose or addiction. One important tip is to know the source of any drugs being used. Purchasing drugs from a trusted source reduces the risk of unknowingly consuming fentanyl or other dangerous substances.
Another important tip is to test drugs for the presence of fentanyl before using them. Drug testing kits are available that can detect the presence of fentanyl in substances such as heroin or cocaine. Testing drugs can provide individuals with valuable information about what they are consuming and help them make informed decisions about their drug use.
It is also important to practice safe pain management techniques and seek help if needed. For individuals who require pain management, working closely with a healthcare provider to develop a safe and effective pain management plan can reduce the risk of using fentanyl or other opioids inappropriately.
The rise of fentanyl and its role in the opioid epidemic is a significant public health concern. Understanding fentanyl and its risks is crucial in order to address this growing problem and prevent further harm. By raising awareness, implementing prevention efforts, and providing access to treatment and support, we can work towards reducing the devastating impact of fentanyl on individuals, families, and communities.
Dr. Blair Steel is a licensed clinical psychologist working in the field for twelve years. She went to college in New York City before moving to Southern California and completing her graduate work. She has worked in various roles in treatment, including being a therapist, group facilitator, working in administration, and writing curriculum. Dr. Blair Steel is passionate about addiction and individual and family therapy and continues to love her work in both private practice and treatment centers.